Thio-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified porous glass-ceramics (TAMPG) were prepared through reuse of waste glass for efficient palladium (II) separation from wastewater. Novel TAMPG-1, TAMPG-2, TAMPG-3 were obtained by immobilizing organic ligands 2-thiophene formaldehyde, 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto the surface of porous glass-ceramics made from waste glass. Optimal conditions for effective palladium (II) adsorption were investigated with respect to pH, temperature, initial concentration and contact time. Owing to cheap raw materials, good adsorption properties, great recycling potential, excellent selectivity and stability, an economically viable method was proposed for efficient palladium (II) separation from wastewater.

Using sodium alginate hydrogel as skeleton, in combination with chitosan and magnetic Fe₃O₄, a new type of magnetic chitosan/sodium alginate gel bead was prepared. On this basis, through the orthogonal experiment and single-factor experiment, the authors optimized the preparation conditions for composite gel bead, and determined the optimum one. The influences of many preparation impact factors on adsorption performance were examined. Results show that the optimal preparation conditions for the composite gel bead is as follows. Concentration of calcium chloride is 2.5 g/L, concentration of sodium alginate is 24 g/L, the amount of chitosan addition is 5 g/L, and the amount of magnetic liquid addition is 4.64 g/L. The optimal gel bead is a smooth, uniform, black ball with about 2 mm in diameter. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), synchronous thermal analysis (TGA) and other means of characterization, the adsorption mechanism is analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the gel bead has good thermal stability. FTIR results prove that many active functional groups (amino group, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group) exist on the surface of gel bead. The adsorption performance test shows that adsorption ratio of 20mg MCSB on 40mL 25mg/L Cu²⁺ solution is 78.13%. The magnetic chitosan/sodium alginate gel bead is a novel simple-prepared and effective composite adsorbent.

Three advanced flocculants were used to treat the biochemical treatment samples extracted from the landfill leachate. In order to explore the transformation characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the process of coagulation, all the samples’ DOM from three stages were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis), three dimensional fluorescence spectra (EEM) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). UV-Vis spectra showed that the ratio of small molecules increased in water while both the humification degree and condensation degree reduced after coagulation. EEM suggested that the removal efficiency of protein and humic acid substances were very high after coagulation. FT-ICR MS indicated that there was a strong selectivity of flocculants for the removable DOM in different stages of coagulation. DOM in the final residual water was mainly smaller molecular weight, containing impurity atoms with low unsaturation, O/C<0.3, and H/C>1.5.

The oil geology feature of Vienna Basin was summarized and potential of exploration was discussed by analysising the strata of Vienna Basin and fracture development characteristics. Vienna Basin is a pull-apart basin located between the East Alps and West Carpathian. Its basement is composed of the Hercynian Bohemian Massif and Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata. The tectonic evolution can be divided into three stages, including Jurassic extensional rifting, Cretaceous-Early Miocene over-thrusting and Middle Miocene pull-parting stage. There are three structural lays from top to bottom, Jurassic-Cretaceous autochthonous, Permian-Paleogene allochthonous Alpine nappes and Neogene sediments. There are two sets of source rocks: the upper Jurassic marls and Paleogene shale, among which, the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian Malmian marls are considered to be the major source rocks. Reservoirs occur at various horizons from Triassic to Neogene Miocene strata, among which, the most important reservoirs are Miocene sandstones that deposit in shallow-water delta environment and contain 76% of all reserves, and the minor reservoirs are the Triassic dolosparite. Neogene shales provide the regional top-seal. After evaluation, it is considered that Mesozoic allochthonous napps (flysch turbidite and Triassic dolomite) and Mesozoic autochthonous succession (the second and the third structural layer) are the most prospective for exploration.

 For better understanding the global trend in wastewater resource recovery and reflecting major nation’s scientific capability and influences on the world’s science community in the field, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using the literatures in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database during the period 1995–2014. Results indicate that: 1) among all articles included by the SCI, water recovery from wastewaters account for the largest percentage with 72.0% of all related research fields. 2) The mainly involved subject areas are Environmental Sciences, Engineering Environmental, Water Resources, Engineering Chemical, Biotechnology Applied Microbiology, and so on. The number of the Environmental Sciences articles has the largest annual growth. 3) The topranked countries of both the total number of articles and the average impact factor are USA, Spain, and India. However, China has the fastest growth rate of publishing articles only. 4) Three research institute including University of California System, India Institute of Technology, and Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas are the most abundant research institutes in this field. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University were the two toppest institutions in China that have advance its international influence in recent years.

Four representative types of green space including tree-shrub-herbage semi-natural mixture, tree-shrub-herbage artificial mixture, tree-herbage artificial mixture, and artificial lawn were selected in the campus of Peking University to study the improvement effects of green space on campus microclimate, especially on the human comfort. The air temperature and relative humidity were measured every one hour from 0:00 to 24:00 every day for continuously 32 days during July and August in 2012. The results indicate that all types of green space show significant cooling and humidification effects compared with the concrete floor in hot summer. Among these, the semi-natural forests perform a very important ecological regulatory function. During the observation period, all types of green space improve the human comfort degree to a certain extent, which are ranked in an order of tree-shrub-herbage semi-natural mixture > tree-herbage artificial mixture > tree-shrub-herbage artificial mixture > artificial lawn, but the improvement effect is not as obvious as their cooling and humidification effects. From the perspective of the different times of a day, the comfort improvement of the green space is more obvious early in the morning and late in the evening than that at any other time of a day. As a whole, some parts of the green space in the campus of Peking University don’t give full play to the improvement effects of the campus comfort according to the various functional requirements in summer, which deserves further attention in the campus green space construction.

In order to avoid the drawback of the traditional ICP (iteration closest point) method for co-registration, a non-linear least squares co-registration model is proposed, which is based on minimizing the sum of squares of the Euclidean distances between two overlapped surfaces. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can be used for the co-registration of cloud points collected by the airborne laser scanner, and the experimental results are comparable with those of traditional methods. The experimental results imply that the proposed method has a good performance for transformation parameters estimation in 3D point clouds co-registration procedure. Especially, the non-linear co-registration method can achieve the best estimated value with only 6 to 7 iteration time. It is much faster than traditional method in practice, and can be treated as an extension for traditional co-registration theory of iteration closest point in the field of computer vision.

Watermarking algorithms in the H.264/AVC bit-stream are more efficient, but the propagation error introduced would decrease the visual quality severely. In order to reduce the computation complexity of compensation, a new error compensation method is proposed, in which the watermark is embedded into the quantized DCT coefficients and the propagation error gained by a low complexity error prediction module are compensated adaptively. The simulation results show that with the proposed compensation method, a real time video watermarking can be realized, with the features of low complexity, high PSNR and less bitrate increase.

The authors investigated spatio-temporal patterns of seasonality parameters of crop growing season in Northeast China, by using the SPOT/VGT NDVI ten day composed time-series data collected from 1998 to 2009. First, to minimize the effects of anomalous values caused by atmospheric haze and cloud contamination, the software TIMESAT was used to generate smooth time series of NDVI based on an asymmetric Gaussian function; second, the seasonality parameters, such as the start date, the end date, the peak date, and length of the growing season, were defined and extracted from the smoothed NVDI time-series dataset; third, each of the extracted parameters and the observed agricultural phenophases (including the stages of seedling, heading and maturity for harvest, length of growth period) were compared and validated by using a scatter plot, respectively; finally, the temporal trends and spatial patterns of the major crop seasonality parameters in Northeast China were illustrated and analyzed over the past 10 years. The results show that the growth process of major crops can be discriminated to a certain extent from the temporal trend of observed crop phenological characteristics. Obvious linear correlations can be found between the extracted seasonality parameters and the observed crop phenophases, which indicates that spatio-temporal variations of crop phenophase can be expressed in details by utilizing the extracted parameters from the smoothed NDVI time series. Meanwhile, all these grid-based crop phenophases can be used as data alternative for studying the spatio-temporal responses of crop growth process caused from fluctuation in external environmental conditions, such as air temperature, precipitation and daylight hours, etc.

The authors perform combined temperature dependent macro-photoluminescence (PL) and confocal spatially resolved PL measurements to study the luminescence mechanism and the microcavity properties of one-dimensional CdS nanostructures (nanobelts and nanorods) grown by catalyst-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The dependence of the PL on the temperature (10-290 K) indicates clearly that the room temperature near band edge (NBE) emission mainly consists of excitonic emission and its phonon replicas. Both the end facets and the sidewalls of individual nanostructures may exhibit strong confinement on the NBE emission, leading to Fabry-Perot (FP) and whispering gallery (WG) cavities with pronounced nonlinear characteristics. The deep level defect emission forms strong cavity modes with equal spacings in WG cavities, but experiences large damping along the nanostructure axes in FP cavities. The results are helpful in understanding the mechanisms of the nanostructure optical microcavities, and support the exciton-polariton model of the exciton-related cavity modes.

To provide the slight alkaline environment and sufficient calciumions is the important condition to achieve efficient adsorption phosphate by adsorbent. Taking cement, xonotlite, clay, flying ash and CaO as primary raw materials, TBX porous ceramisite filter media was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and steam curing. Based on the leaching rate of calcium ions and pH transients of lixivium, the operation conditions were achieved. The filter media was applied to remove the low concentration phosphate in wastewater. The results show that under the dose of filter media 1% (mass fraction) and 10 mg/L of phosphate, after 120 min of adsorption, the concentration of residual phosphate could be reduced to 0.2mg/ L which was far lower than the State-specified standards. As the result of the properties of efficient phosphate adsorption and low cost, TBX porous ceramisite filter media should be promising in the field of the treatment of severe-eutrophic water body and municipal sewage.

The excitations in lattice in type-Ⅱsuperconductors in magnetic field contain acoustic and optical phonons. The acoustic phonon is Goldstone Boson with zero mass. By using Gaussian variational method, the authors calculate dispersion relations of acoustic and optical phonons non-perturbatively based on Ginzburg-Landau model with lowest Landau level approxi mation.

The main objective was to comparethe emotion of shame under Chinese culture and American culture, based on the self theory of Markus and Kitayama. There were 69 Chinese collage students and 65 American collage students involved in this study. Each subject was asked to recall one shameful event he or she experienced. Then based on the theoretical hypothesis and characters of these shameful autobiographical memories, a coding scheme was developed. All autobiographical memories were coded according to the scheme. The main results are as follows: 1) the shameful autobiographical memories of Chinese subjects were more specific than those of the American subjects’; 2) compared with those of the American subjects, Chinese subjects’autobiographical memories contained more interpersonal contents; and 3) compared with the American subjects, Chinese subjects reported more shameful autobiographical memories happened in the period of childhood and adolescence, in the places of school and with teachers’comments on the events.

The volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng formation in the Songliao Basin were formed by multiple and intermittent eruptions. Based on the core drilling data, the high-resolution volcanic cycles of the first member of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression were divided, the volcanic cycle model were built, and the well logging characteristics of different lithology and lithofacies were summarized. The results reveal that, the first member of Yingcheng formation could be divided into 3 volcanic cycles, from the top to the bottom of each cycle, the values of gamma-ray and resistivity were higher and higher, the amplitude and frequency of the well logs in the interface of different cycles changed greatly, indicating the existence of the weathering crust or the sedimentary layer. Logging data of gamma-ray, resistivity and density were considered to be more sensitive in recognition of different volcanic lithology and lithofacies.

A typical Early Paleozoic oceanic suture zone, which consists of ophiolite, arc volcanic rocks and high-pressure low-temperature metamorphic rocks, occurs in the North Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China. Eclogite facies metapelites with index mineral assemblage of Mg-carpholite + garnet + chloritoid + phengite were studied in details in petrology and mineralogy. Using THERMORCAL (V3.23), the authors calculated the P-T conditions of the stability field for Carpholite (cr) + garnet (g) + chloritoid (ct) + phengite (ph) assemblage at P=2.2-2.5GPa and T=530-580℃. Based on the calculated stability fields of carpholite and chloritoid, the authors confirmed that the North Qilian suture zone was a “cold" oceanic subduction zone in Early Paleozoic time with geothermal gradients of 6.5-7.5℃/km, similar to Mesozoic-Cenozoic subduction zones. This study plays an important role in understanding the thermo-structure of the Early Paleozoic subduction zones and dehydration of HP metamorphic pelitic rocks.